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Chakras
chakra_ptchakras_van_de_hond_ptThe Oriental medicine recognizes energypoints in the body. These 'chakras' connect hormonal and neural systems. Judging from the description, the lower three chakras correspond to the three systems 1. food, 2. love and 3. threats to face. The upper four chakras integrate in various ways the bottom three. The colors associated with the chakras are used where possible to link the various systems.  

Crown Chakra
epiphysis
Forehead Chakra pituitary
Throat Chakra communications
Heart Chakra breathing, hearthbeat                                                                  
Solar Plexus Chakra face danger 
Sacrum Chakra sexuality, love
Basic or root chakra energy, food
Oriental wisdom is the pursuit of balance within and between the chakras.
"Suffering and pain can cause bitterness and anger, either cause wisdom:
Those who use suffering and pain for wisdom, become saints ".

That searching balance is important, will also turn out from the further neurobiological knowledge, which brnsoc. brings.

Evolution of plants and animals in their environment
Plants produce alkaloids directed to the environment, some of these biochemical substances do have the function do  attract, some to destroy for example microorganisms. Like these early life forms in the evolution, also in humans and animals alkaloids appear to play a role in the interaction with the environment. 1. nicotine, 2. opiates, 3. cocaine and amphetamines 1. food, 2. love, 3 'to face danger’.

Addictive psychotropic substances 
gebak_ptmoeder_met_kind_ptVluchten_ptvechten_ptkatten_die_slapen_pt
tabaksplant_ptpapaver_bloem2_ptamfetamines2-kleintje_ptherbs_coca_ptslaapmiddelen_pillen_ptThe nervous system of the brain is the ‘head to toe  'communication system of the body. Electro-magnetic pulses and biochemical materials ensure the transmission of signals. The addictive alkaloid psychotropic substances 1. nicotine, 2. opiates, 3. cocaine en amphetamines establish connection with the same systems as for 1. to eat, 2. love, reproduction, 3 'to face danger'.  It is sometimes forgotten, but 'the body makes its own drugs'. In the meso-cortico-limbic system are important receiving points (receptors) of these systems, normally to be filled by substances from the inside. Actually, given the impact of these on-known biochemical substances, it is quite logical that they seem to play an leading role in important systems. As the 'exogenous' addictive substance fits in the same receptors as the ‘endogenous’ signal substance of whether or not successful conduct of a certain type, the substances do have their characteristic effects. The behavior that belongs to the specific system  does not really necessarily have to take place to obtain the impact. So give these substances a short route without much effort to certain emotions, 1. tasty, 2. orgasmic of 3. feeling successful. A 'but ...' is of course, that as the brain itself does not recognize as coming from the outside, this means not as 'unnatural', and it is possible that the 'institutions' are going to change, changing the alignment with the environment as it was before. In all daily, cyclic systems endogenous addictive substances play a key role. For the sleep the  benzodiazepines. 

The group, society, religion
Many animals are not only linked together for reproduction only, but are connected as a group too. Groupanimals, including humans, don’t have necessarily only an individual survival instinct, but do often have an intuition to contribute to the survival of the family, group, community, species. The opiates are not only an important role in reproduction, but also a role in connecting with other animals or humans.  A sense of belonging does develop, with whom, to whom we are safe and, negatively, to whom must we be careful. The mind plays a role, but especially the emotionality. Through religion, language and music alignment takes place (especially) on an emotional level. A linkage between neurobiology, thinking of the mind and society is to be found in Spinoza (1632-1677) and the Dutchman Coornhert (1522-1590)  Man has developed the ability to direct reactions and think. This (see also Damasio) and the flexibility and variability of the human species enable mankind to influence its existence more than the animals.